Abstinence, Condom, And Health Promotion Related...

Title I believe, the title had lacked detail on one of its main focus. When I initially read the title I would have never known that HIV/AIDS was a focus. My title preference would be, â€Å"Sexual Safety and Risks including HIV/AIDS, Among African American men who have sex with women†. I assumed the article would focus on abstinence, condom usage, and health promotion related to prevention of STIs. Introduction Maya A. Corneille, Raymond H. Tademy, Mitchelle C. Reid, Faye Z. Belgrave and Aashir Nasim were the authors of the article. They obtained admirable educational backgrounds, and withhold outstanding credentials. In addition, A. Nasim, M. Corneille, and F. Belgrave have their Ph.D. which determines their experienced backgrounds, which includes them writing over 28 articles. R.H Tademy and M.C Reid are much less experience in result of 9 other published article. When I reviewed the authors, I realized that they share a common interest of study; which is implementing health promotion among African American adolescents and young adults. Their commitment to organizing the development of HIV prevention programs and sexual safety motives among young adults exemplified compassion and care. I also noticed that the authors remain active throughout the community by serving as a member of many organizations and agencies that has helped raise funds for health promotion. This qualitative study crea tes correlation between sexual safety and risks among African American men. The articleShow MoreRelated Abstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesSince the HIV/AIDS epidemic began in the U.S. in the early 1980s the issue of sex education for American youth has had the attention of the nation. There are about 400,000 teen births every year in the U.S, with about 9 billion in associated public costs. STI contraction in general, as well as teen pregnancy, have put the subject even more so on the forefront of the nation’s leading issues. The approach and method for proper and effective sex education has been hotly debated. Some believe that teachingRead MorePrevention Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases And Sex Education Among The Teenagers2160 Words   |  9 PagesPrevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sex Education among the Teenagers Health Promotion Health is a significant characteristic of human right that individuals require to handle with caution. Exactly how healthy individuals are trained and know the effect of behaviors, which can jeopardies, the health of an individual, create less pressure and easy work for their caregiver to deal with and aids in the health promotion. 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Unfortunately, unlike other viruses that the immune system protects us against, the immune system is unable to defeat the HIV Over the infected person’s lifespanRead MoreEssay on Community Teaching Proposal2471 Words   |  10 Pagescommunity using one of the following four topics which will be chosen within your CLC group: Primary Prevention/Health Promotion Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher: | Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: 2 periods, approximately 50-55 minutes in length. | Location of Teaching: Urban High School | Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: Laptop, Overhead Screen, Condoms, DVD, Chalk, Pens, Paper, Index Cards | Estimated Cost: Laptop is owned by teacher already, screen forRead MoreThe Health Problem Of Hiv / Aids2353 Words   |  10 Pages Health problem is a pathological state, in which a physical condition caused by the disease. To make the person free from the diseases is the main goal of the Health promotion program. 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This age group is vulnerable to acquiring a higher evidence of infection due to them having multiple sex partners, improper use of condoms on a consistent basis, as well as having an increased biologic susceptibility to infection, and facing multiple obstacles to accessing health care (Forhan, Gottlieb, Sternberg, et.al, 2009). Despite the high rates of infections documented in the adolescent population, providers frequently fail to inquire about sexualRead MoreHiv/Aids Summary of Research Study8804 Words   |  36 Pagescondition called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-AIDS is one of the world’s greatest public health crises. For many years, because of lack of understanding and effective treatment, it is now considered a rapidly progressing fatal disease. HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2003) reported that there are more than 20 million died from HIV-AIDS globally. The DOH National Epidemiology CenterRead Moreâ€Å"Positive Effects and Impact of Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines†7090 Words   |  29 PagesTopic Title: â€Å"Positive Effects and Impact of Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippines† I. Introduction: The first time the Reproductive Health Bill was proposed in1998. During the present 15th Congress, the RH Bills filed are those authored by House Minority Leader Edcel Lagman of Albay, HB 96; Iloilo Rep. Dale Bernard Tuddao, HB 101, Akbayan Representatives Kaka Bag-ao Walden Bello; HB 513, Muntinlupa Representative Rodolfo Biazon, HB 1160, Iloilo Representative Augusto Syjuco, HBRead MoreExaming the Cultural Practice of Ukuthwala and Its Impact on the Rights of the Child13071 Words   |  53 Pagesproper perspective the practice of ukuthwala; it will analyse the legislative framework that provides for the prevention and protection accorded to women and girl children; the causes and consequences of ukuthwala; the impact that this has on women and girl children; and finally, providing proposals that would inform a concerted response to the practice. 2. UNDERSTANDING UKUTHWALA AND RELATED PRACTICES The ukuthwala custom was widely practised in Nguni communities, as earlier alluded to in the discussion

Case 1 Incident - 1865 Words

Kelli Smith Organizational Management Professor Ann Bieber 17 May 2014 Week 3 Case Study 1. Should organizations be concerned about their employees being sleep-deprived? What factors influencing sleep might be more or less under the control of an organization? Organizations should absolutely be concerned about their employees being sleep-deprived: â€Å"Research examining the effects of sleep deprivation has found that tired workers experience higher levels of back pain, depression, and job dissatisfaction, along with lower levels of performance† (Judge 213). Being a full time student who also works full time, I have found myself trading sleep for extra studying time and the results of it are detrimental. When I sacrifice my sleep to†¦show more content†¦If employees have children at home that are sick and keep them up at night, or enjoy night life and choose to stay out late, a company cannot control what they do when they are not at the office. They can’t make children stop crying and they can’t force people to go home and go to bed at a decent time. They can only control what is within their limitations as employers. One of my favorite things about my work schedule is the flexibility of it. Although it is a set schedule, I alternate weekly with an early week and a late week. My early week shifts are from 7:30AM-4:30PM and my late week shifts are from 9:30AM-6:30PM. This gives me an opportunity to appreciate both. I enjoy my early weeks because I get done early and I have much more time to get things done around the house, do homework, and just have some â€Å"me† time in the evenings. I also enjoy my late weeks because I get to sleep in a little bit later and I appreciate that because I am not a morning person. Having flexibility allows me to schedule appointments in either the mornings or the afternoon according to what shift I am on and what appointment times are available to me. It also contributes to my sleep schedule because when I’m early, I go to bed earlier in order to wake up earlier and when I’m late, I go to sleep later to wake up later. It balances out quite nicel y. 2. How might reinforcement theory play a role in the extent to which employees are sleep-deprived? One way theShow MoreRelatedCase Incident 1: Moving from Colleague to Supervisor2199 Words   |  9 PagesHUB 1033 OB CASES STUDY WRITE-UP GUIDELINES. The cases are done individually. Following are the guidelines: Your name and Metric number must be clearly typed on the COVER PAGE. The cases study answers should be neatly typed, using Times New Roman, size 12; Spacing 1.5 and justified. Please check for spelling and grammatical errors. Hard copy of the assignment must be submitted to me on the due date as indicated. The grades assigned will be based on content, effort, creativityRead MoreTable Of ContentsPrefacexiiiPART ONEThe Strategic Human1743 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Preface xiii PART ONE The Strategic Human Resource Management Model 2 Chapter 1 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Chapter Objectives Challenges Facing Canadian Organizations Spotlight on Ethics: What Is a â€Å"Right† Behaviour? Objectives of Human Resource Management Strategic Human Resource Management The Organization of Human Resource Management The Human Resource Management Profession of the Future The Framework Used in This Book Spotlight on HRM: Will the 21stRead MoreExamples Of Incident Management With Law Enforcement720 Words   |  3 Pages Incident Response Name Institution Incident Response Incident Management with Law Enforcement Computer professionals are always recommended to prepare efficiently for any security-related incidents. 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For the most case, this experiment shows that momentum is conserved throughout the lab and is simply transferred evenly from one glider to the next. Procedure: In this lab we began by setting up an apparatus that consisted of an air track with a blower and two glidersRead MoreA Mission Statement For Your Home Computer924 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals. In addition, effective statements can function as great marketing tools to consumers. 3. Design an incident response plan for your home computer if there is a fire exploring actions taken before, during and after the incident (see page 85 in book for a hint). Before Fire Incident: Users: 1. Preparation- ensure that you user has been trained in incident response to handle potential incidents and hazards. Prior security awareness training is highly recommended. 2. 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Explanation of the incident ïÆ'Ëœ Mr Michael Burch expired while his four wheeler vehicle clean off in YR ( yarra ranges) shire on 13th November, 1998. ïÆ'Ëœ Fiona Burch with her two kidsRead MoreVarner Vs. National Supermarket984 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem. Mason stated that based on Company’s policies, Verner would have to report the incident herself. Verner fails to take the next steps to report incident to Store Manager, Curtis Mason, herself. All parties resume to their regular roles and responsibility, with no actions taken to investigate accusations. In November 22, 1991, approximately three to four months after the first alleged incident, based on the testimony of Varner she was once again approached by Edmiston. Varners testifies

Tourism in India Free Essays

string(131) " industry also witnessed an increase in the number of hotel rooms with a growth of 5 per cent during the last three to four years\." www. Yesbank. in The Travel and Hospitality Industry India’s travel, tourism and hospitality industry is one of the fastest growing service industries in the country thanks to a burgeoning middle class, increasing purchasing power, a rising inflow of foreign tourists, and successful government campaigns promoting ‘Incredible India’. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2011 alone, travel and tourism contributed to 6. 4% of the GDP, and is forecast to rise by 7. 3% in 2012. In terms of employment, travel and tourism directly supported 24,975,000 jobs (5% of employment) in 2011, and is expected to rise by 3% in 2012. Also read: Importance of Advertising in Tourism Industry Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) from tourism in 2011 were $16,564 million with a growth of 16. 7% over 2010. 14 Clearly, India is fast becoming a popular tourist destination world over. Between April 2000 and December 2011, the hotel and tourism sector generated a total of $3,195. 70 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). 15In 2011 alone, the country welcomed 6. 29 million foreign tourists, compared to 5. 78 million in 2010. 16By 2022, international tourist arrivals are forecast to total 11,276,000, generating an expenditure of `1,382. 6 billion. 7 In 2010-11, the travel and hospitality industry faced the challenge of a significant decline in corporate travel due to serious cost cutting by global corporate houses, as well as the fear of terrorism, and a lack of a sense of safety post the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. However, the hospitality sector has shown resilience, improving its security management and performance. With the growth of budget hotels along with low cost airlines , online travel bookings, and group travel, SMEs in the travel and tourism sector have shown rapid progress. They have been targeting niche markets specializing in corporate travel, leisure travel, and even hitherto unheard services like wedding travel and planning. â€Å"IATA statistics show that today, maximum business is generated in Asia. Asia and particularly India now have a major role to play in shaping this sector while also enjoying maximum share. However, with more disposable income, Indians prefer to travel overseas rather than within the country. We have over 14 million Indians traveling overseas, but the figure for inbound tourism stands at a dismal 6 million – this can definitely increase if we begin to seriously promote India as a destination to be explored and discovered. †, says Vivek Dadhich, Managing Director of Noida-based Bluemoon Travels, a new age travel company offering leisure travel and MICE – travel planning services for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions. As per an analysis done by retail consultancy Technopak, at the end of 2010 the Indian hotel industry’s worth was estimated around US$ 17 billion. The share of hotel and restaurant sector in the overall economy is still below 2 per cent. For the last five years the total contribution of the hospitality sector has remained stagnant. Although the overall share increased from 1. 46 per cent in 2004-05 to 1. 69 per cent in 2007-08, but then after the phase of economic meltdown in US the total share again decreased to 1. 45 per cent in 2009-10. India ranks in the 153rd position spending 0. 9% for tourism. The hotel and tourism industry’s contribution to the Indian economy by way of foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows were pegged at US$ 2. 5 billion from April 2000 to February 2011, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). As per an analysis done by retail consultancy Technopak, at the end of 2010 the Indian hotel industry’s worth was estimated around US$ 17 billion. The share of hotel and restaurant sector in the overall economy is still below 2 per cent. For the last five years the t otal contribution of the hospitality sector has remained stagnant. Although the overall share increased from 1. 46 per cent in 2004-05 to 1. 69 per cent in 2007-08, but then after the phase of economic meltdown in US the total share again decreased to 1. 5 per cent in 2009-10. India ranks in the 153rd position spending 0. 9% for tourism. The hotel and tourism industry’s contribution to the Indian economy by way of foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows were pegged at US$ 2. 35 billion from April 2000 to February 2011, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). www. oifc. com overseas Indian facilitation center According to the Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) research, released by World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and its strategic partner Oxford Economics in 2011: * The direct contribution of Travel ;Tourism to GDP is expected to be INR 1,570. billion (US$ 35. 4 billion) (1. 9 per cent of total GDP) in 2011, rising by 8. 1 per cent per a nnum (pa) to INR 3,414. 8 billion (US$ 77. 0 billion*) (2. 0 per cent) in 2021 * The total contribution of Travel ;Tourism to GDP, including its wider economic impacts, is forecast to rise by 8. 8 per cent pa from INR 3,680. 4 billion (US$ 83. 0 billion) (4. 5 per cent of GDP) in 2011 to INR 8,523. 1 billion (US$ 191. 2 billion*) (4. 9 per cent) by 2021. Total Contribution of Travel ; Tourism to GDP Source: World Travel ; Tourism Council The TSA research also states that the sector is expected to support directly 24,931,000 jobs (5. 0 per cent of total employment) in 2011, rising by 2. 0 per cent pa to 30,439,000 jobs (5. 2 per cent) by 2021. Hotel Industry Due to increasing number of foreign tourist arrivals, together with the growth of domestic tourism in the country, the hotel industry is also witnessing continued momentum. The Indian Hospitality industry contributes around 2. 2 per cent of India’s GDP. The industry is expected to reach INR 230 billion (US$ 5. 2 billion*) by 2015, growing at a robust CAGR of 12. per cent. India will be investing around INR 448 billion (US$ 10. 1 billion*) in the hospitality industry in the next five years, according to a report ‘The Indian Hotel Industry Report – 2011 Edition’ by CYGNUS Business Consulting ; Research Firm. The industry also witnessed an increase in the number of hotel rooms with a growth of 5 per cent during the last three to four years. You read "Tourism in India" in category "Essay examples" In the next two years, a total investment of US$ 12. 2 billion (INR 545. 2 billion*) is expected that will add over 20 new international brands in the hospitality sector. Rise of budget hotels in the country, like Ginger Hotels, Lemon Tree, Sarovar Hotels, Fortune Hotels, Ibis and Choice Hotels clearly suggest a huge growth potential in the sector. The Growth Path Foreign tourist arrivals in the country have increased substantially during the past decade motivated by both, business and leisure needs and are further expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 8 per cent during 2010-2014, as per a research report ‘Indian Tourism Industry Analysis’ by research firm RNCOS. In fact, the Tourism sector enjoyed strong growth during 2010, as indicated in the data released by the Ministry of Tourism in January 2011. As per the data, in 2010, the country experienced a strong rebound in the Tourism industry. Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) * FTAs in India during 2010 were 5. 58 million with a growth rate of 8. 1 per cent as compared to the FTAs of 5. 17 million and growth rate of (-)2. 2 per cent during 2009. * The 8. 1 per cent growth rate in FTAs for 2010 over 2009 for India is much better than UNWTO’s projected growth rate of 5 per cent to 6 per cent for the world during the same period. FTAs during the month of June 2011, was 3. 96 lakh as compared to FTAs of 3. 70 lakh during the month of June 2010 and 3. 52 lakh in June 2009. There has been a growth of 7. 2 per cent in June 2011 over June 2010 as compared to a growth of 4. 9 per cent registered in June 2010 over June 2009. FTAs during the period January-June 2011 were 29. 19 lakh with a growth of 10. 9 per cent, as compared to the FTAs of 26. 32 lakh with a growth of 8. 9 per cent during January-June 2010 over the corresponding period of 2009. * FEE from Tourism in INR terms during 2010 were INR 648. billion as compared to INR 549. 6 billion during 2009 and INR 507. 3 billion during 2008. FEE from tourism in US$ terms during 2010 were US$ 14. 2 billion as compared to US$ 11. 4 billion during 2009 and US$ 11. 7 billion during 2008. * The growth rate in FEE in INR terms during 2010 was 18. 1 per cent as compared to the growth rate of 8. 3 per cent in 2009 over 2008. Therefore, the growth rate observed in 2010 over 2009 was substantially high. The growth rate in FEE in US$ terms during 2010 was 24. 6 per cent as compared to a decline of 3 per cent in 2009 over 2008. Therefore, in US$ terms, also growth rate observed in 2010 was positive and substantially high. * FEE in INR terms during the month of June 2011 were INR 54. 4 billion as compared to INR 47. 5 billion in June 2010 and INR 38. 0 billion in June 2009. FEE in US$ terms during the month of June 2011 were US$ 1. 2 billion as compared to FEE of US$ 1. 0 billion during the month of June 2010 and US$ 0. 7 billion in June 2009. * The growth rate in FEE in INR terms in June 2011 over June 2010 was 14. 5 per cent as compared to 25. 0 per cent in June 2010 over June 2009. The growth rate in FEE in US$ terms in June 2011 over June 2010 was 18. 9 per cent as compared to the growth of 28. 1 per cent in June 2010 over June 2009. * FEE from Tourism in INR terms during January-June 2011 were INR 351. 6 billion with a growth of 12. 1 per cent, as compared to the FEE of INR 313. 7 billion with a growth of 27. 1 per cent during January-June 2010 over the corresponding period of 2009. * FEE from Tourism in terms of US$ during January-June 2011 were US$ 7. 8 billion with a growth of 14. 2 per cent, as compared to US$ 6. billion with a growth of 36. 6 per cent during January-June 2010 over the corresponding period of 2009. Visitor exports are a key component of the direct contribution of the sector. According to the TSA research, India is expected to attract 6,179,000 international tourist (overnight visitor) arrivals in 2011, generating INR 678. 6 billion (US$ 15. 3 billion) in visitor exports (foreign visitor spending, including spending on transportation). By 2021, international tourist arrivals are forecast to total 11,149,000, an increase of 6. per cent pa generating expenditure of INR 1,344. 7 billion (US$ 30. 3 billion*). Visitor Exports and International Tourist Arrivals Hospitalityindia. com Tourism in India is the largest service industry, with a contribution of 6. 23% to the national GDP and 8. 78% of the total employment in India. Indiabiz. com According to Economic Survey of 2010-11 the average annual growth rate of hotel and restaurant sector has been 8. 8 per cent for the period during 2005-06 and 2009–10. However, last two years have not been quite pleasant for the sector as growth faltered badly. Till five years ago, the sector was registering a growth of around 15 per cent but slowdown in the economy has affected the growth prospects of the sector badly and the growth rate has dropped into single digit level. The sector registered negative growth (-3. 41 per cent) in 2008–09 over the year 2007–08, which was due to the adverse global economic conditions in this year. But, the sector is back in the positive growth territory and clocked a growth of 2. 2 per cent in 2009-10. Annual growth rate (in per cent) Year|   2005-06|   2006-07|   2007-08|   2008-09|   2009-10| Hotels ; Restaurants| 17. | 14. 4| 13. 1| -3. 1| 2. 2| Source: Economic Survey 2010-11 Growth Prospects Healthy economic growth recorded in past few years, especially in the services industry, has led to increase in business travel. Higher disposable income and affordability have increased domestic leisure travel in India. Foreign tourist arrivals in India have also grown. The industryâ€℠¢s performance was hit in 2009 due to the global economic slowdown, terror attacks in Mumbai (November 2008) and H1N1 virus. However, the industry has shown signs of recovery in the first half of 2010. This is a clear indicator that the long-term prospects for the Indian travel and tourism industry are bright. India is expected to witness increased tourist activity both in the business and leisure segments in the coming years. International inbound traffic is expected to grow rapidly with increasing investment and trade activity. India has been identified as one of the fastest-growing countries in terms of tourism demand. The travel and tourism demand is expected to reach US$ 266. 1 bn (` 14,601. 7 bn) by 2019. During 2004–2009 travel and tourism demand in India increased at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16. % to US$ 91. 7 bn (` 4,412. 7 bn) and foreign exchange earnings from tourism increased ~13% to US$ 11. 39 bn. Some prominent players : Sahara group, viceroy hotels,Carlson, UAE based Istithmar hotel, Netherlands based Golden Tulip Hospitality group, IRCTC, Leela Palace and resorts, DLF Universal Major players: Indian Hotels Company Limited (the Taj group) EIH L imited (the Oberoi group) ITC Hotels Limited Indian Tourism Development Corporation Small chains: Hotel Leela Venture Asian Hotels (Hyatt International Corporation) Bharat Hotels Public Sector Chain: ITDC and HCI Govt initiatives: Incredible India Atithie devo bhava Porter’s five forces: Threat of substitute goods: Presence of many hotels around the corner Hotels have varying price ranges and amenities and it is difficult to predict customer’s choice of choosing a hotel. The internet makes the overall market more efficient while expanding the size of the potential market and creating new substitution threats. Another hotel chain may erode your customer base with a newly formulated internet approach or marketing campaign. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Business persons choosing a hotel are tech savvy and find it easy to search for cheaper hotels in internet and book them. This eliminates middle men and intermediaries which in turn increases the bargaining power. The cost of switching is very low, which is again a high bargaining power on the side of buyers. This industry has numerous customers who are  relatively very small in size. Loss of  a single customer has little impact on a hotel company and this drives down the buyers  bargaining power. Rivalry among existing competitors The rivalry among competitors in the hotel industry is fierce. When potential customers can learn about a hotel on line, the internet reduces the differences among competitors. People tend to seek the best price for the best experience and the tendency is to reduce price to be competitive. The internet covers wide geographical areas so the market is widened increasing the number of competitors. Barriers to entry: Initial investment cost is very high. A vital barrier would be differentiation. A hotel that can differential itself by location, by service, amenities or some other quality has the potential to attract and keep its clients. Another barrier to entry would be expertise. Unfortunately, in a mobile society employees frequently leave one hotel chain to work in another and they take that expertise in terms of training or of experience with them. It is in the areas of expertise and of differentiation that a hotel can make the greatest impact on its client and thereby on its bottom line. Economies of scale are also a huge factor in this industry. Profitability of hotel chains is  drastically higher  than individual operations. A new entrant cannot  compete with established players in terms or quality and price  if they cannot establish significant economies of scale. High exit barriers because of the specialized assets. Bargaining power of suppliers: Two key suppliers for hotel industry are labour and real estate. The number of suppliers for  the Hotel industry is quite large and each supplier  is very small in size compared to the leading players in the industry. These few  powerful players are indispensible to the suppliers. Substitutability of the suppliers is also quite feasible and inexpensive. Switching between real estate agents is not going to affect  a particular Hotel company significantly. However in terms of quality, training centers for employees and ICT  manufacturers who provide IT systems that for property management are relatively more difficult to replace. Therefore in terms of  substitute suppliers industry attractiveness is  moderately high. Industry’s threat of backward integration is pretty high since large hotel chains like ITC or IHCL  would have no qualms expanding into the real estate  business or developing employee training facilities in-house. Technology: Innovative designs, technological advancements and next generation interior concepts are keys to maintaining the Indian hospitality industry’s success and to attract the next generation of customers. The concept, design, plan, materials, technology each aspect used in a hotel, restaurant or any property is ever changing and breaths technology for advancement and recognition. The brand loyalty increases with the concept and luxury of the hotel, no more with names. Technology plays a vital role in helping hotels expand and provide great services to the next generation of travellers. Availability enquiries, travel arrangements, local transport, gate entry, reception desks, elevators, room, in-room features and everything travellers see and touch hotel are enhanced with the right technology and concept. To harness India’s tourism potential, several efforts are being taken for opening new destinations and exploring niche segments. However, infrastructure facilities such as air, rail, road connectivity, and hospitality services at these destinations and the connecting cities are inadequate. This remains a major hurdle for development of tourism. Roadways form a vital network in the tourist industry with almost 70% tourists in India travelling by road. Moreover, many tourist circuits depend on roads. Despite numerous efforts to improve road infrastructure, connectivity remains a major problem. There is a greater need for strengthened road and rail network, development of more expressways, and tourist-specific routes to improve connectivity to various locations across different regions. Aviation infrastructure is also critical since it is a major mode of entry for inbound tourism. Passenger traffic is expected to increase in the coming years; however infrastructure facilities at airports are cause for concern. Expansion and development of airports at major gateway cities is underway to cater to the increasing passenger traffic. However, in addition, airport facilities at important secondary cities and tourist destinations also need to be improved to be able to handle greater passenger traffic. How to cite Tourism in India, Essay examples

Managerial Decision Making Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Decision Making Strategies. Answer: Introduction The aim of the following report is to apply problem-solving stages upon a particular organizational problem. In order to accomplish this goal, specific objectives will be to identify the background of the problem and define the issue thoroughly, which will be accompanied by the objective of generating and evaluating the best possible solution for alleviating the identified issue. Finally, to meet the fundamental purpose, the following report will establish a concise implementation plan after selecting a proper problem solving technique. It is required to mention here that for the mentioned purpose, the paper has considered the issue of weak staff morale of Woolworths. Recently, the considered organization has unveiled their plan of cutting more than 500 staffs and closing near about 30 stores, which are criticized for their underperformance for a long time. According to the analyst of UBS retail, 2016 Woolworths is facing a challenging market and weak employee morale is one of the predominant causes for settling such a situation. Problem background and problem definition Low employee morale has turned to out to be a staple issue of Woolworths for past few years as the morale of the organization has been tagged as all time low (news.com.au, 2017). The particular situation is being fueled up by Woolworths decreasing rate of opportunities and continuous disengagement with the internal staffs. The phrase weak employee morale can be defined as the lack of self-confidence among the employees of an organization (Kube et al., 2013). In terms of consequence of the particular internal issue, an organization goes through lack of standard productivity and suffers from disappointing interpersonal relationships. More specifically, due to low employee morale, an organization fails to retain its valuable employees (Svenson et al., 2009). Root cause analysis The low morale crisis of the staffs of Woolworths is accompanied by the weak morale of another prime stakeholder of Woolworth, which are the existing suppliers of the organization. Consequently, the turnaround growth of Woolworths is running slow than the expectation and at the same time the probability rate of the price war has enhanced by more than 35% (abc.net.au, 2017). It is understandable that the recent decision of cutting more than 500 staffs from the present outlets is driven by the consequence of weak morale of the internal stakeholders and specifically of the work force. If the scenario of weak employee morale can be viewed through the framework of root cause analysis, then it would be The identified issue is the lack of morale among the employees of Woolworths. It is important therefore to know the reasons behind this staple issue. The problem has occurred in almost every outlet of Woolworths in Australia. The issue is recurring repetitively and has been labeled as one of the staple issues of the organization. Therefore, a temporary solution would not help and a firm solution would be required immediately.The present and former team members are the victims of the issue. The identified reasons for the decreasing rate of employee morale in Woolworth are the leadership style, which lacks transformational and transactional traits. In this respect, it is to mention that Woolworth has been previously criticized for providing unsatisfactory revenue and fewer benefits to their employees. According to the current employee reviews, employees often suffer from backbreaking labor, extremely heavy lifting and unpaid overtime. On the other hand, more than 976 existing workers of Woolworths have claimed that there are fewer opportunities for promotion and the highly strict demands along with unfair hours are affecting on their productivity (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). It is unfortunate and shameful for the considered organization that several former team members of Woolworths have revealed that employees find it hard to achieve self-esteem as verbal bullying is involved within the workplace (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). Therefore, it is understandable that employees in Woolworth suffer from stress, which directly harms their morale. Most important to mention in this respect that the identified problems could be considered as dynamic problems because the issue of low morale among employees recurs repeatedly in the organization (Brown Chandrasekaran, 2014). Solution Generation After identifying and understanding the current issue of Woolworths, possible alternatives for resolving the issue should be generated with the help of relevant problem resolving techniques. For the considered case, most convenient solution generation technique will be the model of De Bonos six thinking Hats. It is because De Bonos six thinking Hats helps in considering and thereafter incorporating creative ideas in terms of solution (Kivunja, 2015). Most importantly, the method is suitable for recognizing different sides of singular problems (Aithal et al., 2016). For generating solution for the long running low morale issue among the workers of supermarket giant Woolworths, it is required to apply new ideas as the problem is considered as a dynamic issue. For generating an apt solution, an application of De Bonos Green Hat would be Green Hat The fundamental aspect of the Green Hat or creative thinking cap segment of De Bonos six thinking Hats says that the way of generating the new ideas should be a freewheeling way, which should not involve any kind of criticism (Chen et al., 2015). In other words, with the help of Green Hat segment, an individual or a group can concentrate in forming creative ideas (Geerling et al., 2014). Therefore, considering the fundamental principle of the considered method, a brief list of new ideas would be Modification of existing management style: Revamp the existing management or leadership procedure. More precisely, the idea would be to change the management style from authoritarian to transactional and transformational. The purpose behind the idea is to employ the trend of motivating employees through rewards. Enhance interpersonal relationship: An alternative idea would be to improvise the interpersonal communication between management and employees by increasing opportunities for face-to-face interaction (Jensen et al., 2014). Payment adjustment and implementation of employee facilities: Another alternative would be increase the present rate of payment and modify the shifting hours. More precisely, the idea would be to increase employee benefits such as weekend holiday, free lunch and medical facilities. Interpersonal bond through modified leadership and payment adjustment: On the other hand, a combined effort of above three can also form as an efficient option. More specifically, the idea would be to increase the interpersonal relationship by practicing transactional and transformational leadership and by increasing salary rate and carrier growth opportunities for the employees. New recruitment: A final alternative would be to recruit new employees in place of them whose production reports and morale are most disappointing. In this case the HR (Human resource department) of Woolworths would have to select those candidates who are experienced and possess impressive moral. Solution evaluation Solution evaluation after the elaborated procedures of problem identification and solution generation depends on the premise of convergent style thinking. It is because; the convergent style thinking fundamentally narrows down the defined issue and eliminates the irrelevant options identified in the solution generation process to select the most convenient one (Brown Chandrasekaran, 2014). The predominant motive of the solution evaluation process is to evaluate the potentiality of the generated ideas and consider the most effective one for alleviating the identified organizational problem (Vohs et al., 2008). In this context, it is to mention that for evaluating and selecting the appropriate solution from the generated ideas, the evaluation procedure of Categorization, Elimination and Ranking is recognized to be apt to apply (Nezu, Nezu, 2014). The procedure of Categorization, Elimination and Ranking involves a firm organization of generated ideas in the framework of categories, eliminate the ideas, which do not meet most of the criteria and rank the ideas formulated in the solution generation process. The chief purpose of considering this procedure is to identify the right idea, which can serve fruitfully for the considered concern of Woolworths. Application of the chosen solution evaluation method would be as per the following Ideas Category 1: Mitigate the main problem of employee dissatisfaction Category 2: Mitigate issue of lack of motivation Category 3: Elevate the issue of low payment and lack of opportunities Category 4: Resolve the issue of low interpersonal bond Modification of existing management style Enhance interpersonal relationship Payment adjustment and implementation of employee facilities Interpersonal bond through modified leadership and payment adjustment New recruitment - - - - After identifying the capabilities of each of the generated options capability to fit into the essential criteria, now a brief evaluation of the ideas should be performed to finally select the most effective one. Evaluation and ranking The above table is indicative of the fact that first, second and third options are in the position as each of them has show capability in addressing any two criteria among the four. Therefore, it indicates that selection of any of the first three alternatives those have been generated earlier do not seem convincible enough in combating the concerned issue of Woolworths. It is unfortunate to identify that the idea of new recruitment could not meet any of the criteria whereas fortunately the fourth idea have met all the criteria. Elimination and final selection After understanding the status of each of the generated ideas, it is understandable that only idea number four deserves to be selected as it accomplish each of the necessary criteria. Selection of the first idea would not prove successful as it does not address the need of resolving employee dissatisfaction and the issue of underpayment. Similarly, the second idea should also be eliminated as it only takes concern regarding the issue of lack of motivation and low interpersonal bond. At the same time the third option would be eliminated as it is only capable of mitigating the issue of payment and employee dissatisfaction. However, the last option should be eliminated at the first place as it does not take concern of any of the predominant attributes of key issue. Therefore, option number four will be selected as it single-handedly resolves the issue of low payment, lack of interpersonal bond, low motivational direction and employee dissatisfaction. Implementation and Action plan In order to implement the considered solution fruitfully, the process called What if should be applied. The What is process helps to manage difficulties by developing a contingency plan (Cong et al., 2013). With the help of the particular framework, an organization can successfully implement as well as can assess the probable risks related to the implementation (Svenson Salo Lindholm, 2009). More specifically, the procedure helps in anticipating possible outcomes and probable obstacles regarding the implementation of the considered idea. Selected idea Actions for implementation Anticipated scenarios Management of the anticipated scenarios Implementation of employee facilities, interpersonal bond through modified leadership and payment adjustment Reconstruct the salary scale and give hike to those who are working for more than one year Facilitate a half yearly free medical checkup service Train the managers for performing transactional and transformational leadership Organize a meeting immediately between all existing managers and employees of Woolworths Strong resistance from the management ground Satisfactory feedbacks from the employees Disappointment among the employees who working for less than one year Convince managers by discussing the need of the implementation through frequent meetings Increase the amount of incentives for the new joiners and for them who are working foless than one year. Conclusion From the above assignment, it can be deduced that low employee morale due to underpayment, unfair working hours, manipulative management and lack of facilities has been a staple problem for Woolworths. Furthermore, the above report indicates that for the concern regarding Woolworths present issue of low employee morale, five adoptable alternatives would be - modification of existing management style, enhance interpersonal relationship, Payment adjustment and implementation of employee facilities, interpersonal bond through modified leadership and payment adjustment and new recruitment. However, with the help of Categorization, Elimination and Ranking procedure, the later part of the report indicates that only the option of - interpersonal bond through modified leadership and payment adjustment should be considered for the considered issue. References Aithal, P. S., Kumar, P. M., Shailashree, V. T. (2016). 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