Nelson Mandela Essays (451 words) - Xhosa People,

Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the center of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Long Walk to Freedom is his moving and exhilarating autobiography, a book destined to take its place among the finest memoirs of history's greatest figures. Here for the first time, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela tells the extraordinary story of his life - an epic of struggle, setback, renewed hope, and ultimate triumph, which has, until now, been virtually unknown to most of the world. The foster son of a Thembu chief, Mandela was raised in the traditional, tribal culture of his ancestors, but at an early age learned the modern, inescapable reality of what came to be called apartheid, one of the most powerful and effective systems of oppression ever conceived. In classically elegant and engrossing prose, he tells of his early years as an impoverished student and law clerk in Johannesburg, of his slow political awakening, and of his pivotal role in the rebirth of a stagnant ANC and the formation of its Youth League in the 1950s. He describes the struggle to reconcile his political activity with his devotion to his family, the anguished breakup of his first marriage, and the painful separations from his children. He brings vividly to life the escalating political warfare in the fifties between the ANC and the government, culminating in his dramatic escapades as an underground leader and the notorious Rivonia Trial of 1964, at which he was sentenced to life imprisonment. He recounts the surprisingly eventful twenty-seven years in prison and the complex, delicate negotiations that led both to his freedom and to the beginning of the end of apartheid. Finally he provides the ultimate inside account of the unforgettable events since his release that produced at last a free, multiracial democracy in South Africa. To millions of people around the world, Nelson Mandela stands, as no other living figure does, for the triumph of dignity and hope over despair and hatred, of self-discipline and love over persecution and evil. Long Walk to Freedom embodies that spirit in a book for all time. Political Issues

The Glass Menagerie Essays - English-language Films, Literature

The Glass Menagerie Essays - English-language Films, Literature The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie is by Tennessee Williams. Williams uses a lot of symbols in this play. Many of the symbols used in this play try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion. The first symbol isthe fire escape. This represents a bridge between the illusory world of the Wingfields and a world of reality. This bridge seems to be a one way passage. For Tom, the fire escape is a way out of the world of Amanda and Laura and an entrance into the world of reality. Laura on the other hand, thinks the fire escape as a way in but not a way out. This shows Laura fears greatly affect her physical condition more so than normal people. Another symbol deals more with Tom than any other character: Tom's habit of always going to the movies to leave the apartment and head out into the world of reality. A place where one can find adventure. But Tom has made steps to escape into reality by transferring the payment of a light bill to pay for his dues in the Merchant Seamans Union. One symbol which is rather obvious is Laura's Glass Menagerie. Her collection of glass reprsents her own world. This is where she sets herself part from reality and where she can hide and be safe in her own little world. As you can see there are quite a few symbols in this play. And a number of them have a lot of meanings. A lot or most of these symbols have a direct meaning in the authors life. Its understandable sicne this is supposed to be a memory play. Its obvious to readers that this play is based on the authors own memories

Operation Management Techniques at McDonalds Term Paper

Operation Management Techniques at McDonalds - Term Paper Example Owing to the success of the corporation, there is evidence that McDonalds utilizes distinct operation management techniques that often give it an edge over others in the global business environment. This is informed by the actuality that being a service business, McDonald has widespread operations in virtually all the regions across the world that comprise of America, Asia and Europe. This makes it be essential to circumspectly examine the relevant methods of operations management as applied by McDonalds. Such an evaluation will consider the strategic methods that make the company distinct with regard to business effectiveness. Since operations management regards the development, in addition to the organization of merchandise, systems, and services along with supply chains and is founded on the attainment, expansion and use of resources that business entities need to convey commodities to clients, a comprehensive evaluation of McDonalds’ operations management will expose the b asic activities and strategies that make the company unique. Such a report will be necessary in providing information that could be used by other companies pursuing effectiveness. Table of Contents I. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 A. Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 B. Motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 C. Report Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 II. Detailed Study and Comparative Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 ... Operations management techniques in McDonalds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....7 III. Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 IV. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 V. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Introduction A). The Goals and Objectives The central function of this account is to examine McDonalds, particularly how it utilizes operation management techniques in its activities. The description w ill spotlight the manner in which operations management is practiced in McDonalds. This will help establish the dynamics employed by the relevant company in achieving its objectives as well as executing its daily commercial activities. McDonald stands out as a very successful global commercial entity with outlets all over the world, there must be something quite distinct about the operations management of this company (Render & Heizer, 2005). The account will endeavor to underscore the exact essence of McDonald brand in the perspective of operations management to bring out the practices that make the global corporation a success. The eventual aspiration of the testimony is to evaluate and offer a comprehensive account of the practices of operation management in McDonalds Company. B). Motivation The motivation for studying this topic is derived from the significance of operations management in commercial entities as well as the global commercial presence of McDonalds. Operations mana gement is a dynamic discipline in management that caters for the design and administration of merchandises, services and practices (Welch et al, 2007).

Policy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Policy Paper - Essay Example Al-Shabaab, actually the Harakat Shabaab al-Mujahidin, was the rebellious branch of the Somali Council of Islamic Courts. A major portion of the southern Somalia was taken over by this group during the last six months of the year 2006. The group has exercised control over the southern and central Somalia, at times temporary, otherwise sustained through recruiting local sub-tribes along with their armed force, even forcibly. Majority of the fighters within the group are concerned with fighting against Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The senior leadership of Al-Shabaab group is associated with al-Qa’ida and it is believed that a number of the terrorists within the group have received training and battled in Afghanistan. Ideology of Al-Shabaab The ideology of Al-Shabaab is another tread towards the vision of the global ‘jihadist’ movement. The group operates with the notion that the troubles of Somalia can only be eradicated through such governance that runs on religious values. They work with the notion that everything has to be in compliance with the laws of the Islam. According to a report written by Abu Mansoor al-Amriki, an American mujahid, a conference was boycotted by the Al-Shabaab group because it was violently against working with any non-Islamic group. Al-Shabaab’s ideology was that if they work with any group that does not value religious belief, the scope of political feeling within the group increases. The politics ultimately build up a path that gives rise to defeats and losses. Ideology of the group that is developed upon the God’s verses makes the terrorists’ group believe that they are ‘good Muslims’. This idea of the group bars them from realizing their mis deed through taking the lives of many (Gartenstein, â€Å"The Strategic Challenge of Somalia's Al-Shabaab†). Structure of Al-Shabaab The nominal leader of the Al-Shabaab group is Sheikh Mohamed Mukhtar Abdirahman. However, according to various experts, the group’s activities are guided by a number of senior leaders. Al-Shabaab group is classified into mainly three geographical locations. The locations are: the regions of Bay and Bokool where it is led by Mukhtar Roobow, Mogadishu with southern and central Somalia and Somaliland and Puntland. There is another unit whose leader is not a member of the Al-Shabaab group but is believed to have a strong association with the group. A report of the ‘December 2008 UN Monitoring Group’ revealed that the four regional units of the group operates separately and even passes through conflicts among themselves. There are carious estimates about the exact size of the group. However, it is according to the notions of analy sts that people believed the group to be consisted of thousands of fighters. A major portion of the group belongs to the Hawiye tribal community

What were Woodrow Wilson's goals for Europe after WWI Assignment

What were Woodrow Wilson's goals for Europe after WWI - Assignment Example After WWI, he proposed the creation of League of Nation and laid out fourteen points to guide international order (Clements, 2003) to foster peace amongst nations at war and encourage constructive trade for development. The league of Nation was a confederate of independent nations that could work together to promote peace and mutual cooperation for development and growth. His fourteen points were important imperatives that laid the foundation of contemporary international relation that promoted trade and commerce across geographical location within defined international principles. Hoff (2008) says that Wilson was visionary whose ‘fourteen points’ had evolved important concepts of free trade zones, freedom of seas, common platform to resolve international disputes across borders or trade, evacuation of conquerors from invaded territory, open negotiations etc. Indeed, Woodrow Wilson’s goals for Europe post WWI were far reaching with huge ramifications on world peace and promotion of international relation. They were radical ideas that introduced new system of governance on the world

GSM Communication System

GSM Communication System 1).Introduction: GSM (Global System for mobile communication) is a term known world wide for the digital cellular communication. In 1982 this term was introduced by the CEPT. It created a group, Groupe Special Mobile(GSM), which was provided with the task to design a cellular system that can operate in the 900MHz frequency region. [1] In the early 1980s, most of the telephone systems were analog rather than digital. This had a lot of disadvantages because it was unable to handle the increasing number of customers in a cost effective manner. As a result the digital technology was introduced which would be helpful in increasing the capacity of handling the customers. The GSM network was started in 1992, and in 1993 more than one million subscribers made calls through GSM networks. In the beginning, the GSM network was popular in Europe, but started to spread itself outside Europe. [1] The majority of the GSM networks operate in the 900MHz band, but some operate in 1800MHz band too like (GSM1800) PCN, (DCS1800), and in the United States 1900MHz band (GSM 1900). The basic architecture of these systems is identical but they differ only in the radio frequencies used. [1] There are about 380 million subscribers of the GSM technology in all the three frequency bands(900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz). In total there are 373 networks in 142 countries in operation. The GSM technology has been a revelation as it has made wireless communication easily accessible. 2).The GSM network: The GSM network is divided into three different parts: [2] The switching system(SS) The base station system(BSS) The operation and support system(OSS) 2.1).The switching system: The switching system is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber related functions. [2] 2.2).The base station system: It is responsible for performing all radio related functions. It consist of base station controller(BSC) and base transceiver station(BTS). [2] 2.2.1).BSC: The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS. It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover, cell configuration data, and control of radio frequency (RF) power levels in base transceiver stations. A number of BSC are served by an MSC. [2] 2.2.2).BTS: The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTS are controlled by a BSC. [2] 2.3).The operation and support system: The operations and maintenance centre (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS). The OSS is the functional part from which the network operator and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations. [2] 3).Multiple accessing techniques: There are different major multiple accessing techniques in GSM, but we will describe just two of them: 3.1). Frequency division multiple access (FDMA): FDMA is one of the most widely used multiple access techniques. In this technique, the frequency band is divided in to channels of equal bandwidth so that the conversation is carried on different frequencies. In FDMA, one specific frequency is allotted to every caller. This cause overload situations in case of high demands. The channel bandwidth is narrow usually 30KHz. [2] FDMA systems include C-Netz. In C-Netz, two frequency bands of 4.44MHz are further divided into 222 individual communication channels at 20 KHz bandwidth. The hardware components in FDMA are simple, but still each channel needs its own transceiving unit. Also, the tolerance required for the high-frequency network and the linearity of the amplifier in the transmitter stage of the base station are high. It is because a large number of channels need to be amplified and transmitted together. [1] 3.1.1). Advantages: [4] No network timing is required. Channel assignment is simple. 3.1.2). Disadvantages: [4] Power levels must be closely checked to obtain efficient use of transponder RF output power. Inter-modulation difficulties require power back-off as the number of RF carrier increase. 3.2). Time division multiple access (TDMA): Time Division Multiple Access or TDMA is a method used to enable multiple stations to transmit on the same frequency but on different time slots. TDMA systems alleviated the channel capacity issue by dividing a single radio channel into timeslots and then allocating a timeslot to a user. TDMA system have three timeslots per channel. To use these timeslots, the analog voice has to be converted to digital. [3] A digital wireless transmission technology, TDMA is used by the digital system Global System for Moblile Communications as a cellular phone technology to fit more cellular users, in sequence, on a single radio without interference from other callers. This form of technology is called multiplexing. A call is placed and sounds are digitized and then the information is broken into data packets which given a unique time assignment. TDMA systems operate in either the 800-MHz or 1900-MHz frequency bands. 3.2.1).Advantages: [4] Shares single carrier frequency with multiple users. Slots can be assigned on demand. Less stringent power control due to reduced inter-user interference. 3.2.2).Disadvantages: [4] Higher synchronization overhead. Equalization necessary for high data rates. Slot allocation complexity. Interference with other devices. 4). Summary: In this report we have tried to cover the basic principles of GSM technology. We explained the basic architecture of GSM along with the multiple accessing techniques involved. We also tried to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each accessing technique.

Loves Faults :: Essays Papers

Loves Faults The novel, Mother Tongue, is a great example of the misuse of love today. The author, Demetria Martinez, tells the tale of a woman that falls in love with a Salvadoreà ±o refugee. Josà © Luis is a soldier in the Salvadorian army that flees to the United States where he begins a love affair with a young woman, Mary. From my prospective, the emotions they shared were not of love, but rather emotions that arose from false pretenses. Like so many relation-ships in our society today, the word love is taken for granted. Relationships are embarked upon without consideration of the repercussions. Divorce rates are a great example how relationships are not being started for the right reasons. Love is abused because of humans' innate desire to love, uncontrollable feeling to search for it, and be loved despite their failure to develop the necessary foundations for true love. The yearning for affection is one of life's greatest mysteries. This longing has led to many misconceptions of love. The greatest factor in the delusion of love is lust; often the emotions that arise from eroticism are mistaken for the true euphoric experience that is true love. Another factor that contributes to false love is loneliness, which is a feeling that all people know and avoid tremendously. As in Mary's case, her judgement was clouded by her misinterpretation of what she believed to be love. Mary was unable to realize that what appeared to be love was not truly love, " I courted disaster, set out to love a man I knew full well would go away." (Pg. 27) The combination of lust, loneliness, and Mary's undying need for love that created a rude awakening for her. Mankind's intense yearning for love leads him to what seems to be an unending search for it. Man spends too much time searching for love; but not fully understanding its purpose. Love is a gift from one person to another, and thus it has the ability to posses many different meanings. Often, in search of love people fall into the trap of trying to alter love to suit personal fantasies of what it should be. Frequently spending their time convincing themselves of what they can change about the other, instead of how they can work to accept them. "I was one of those women whose fate is to take a war out of a man, or at least imagine she is doing so.